Stingray – 25. An Echo of Danger

Directed by Alan Pattillo

Teleplay by Dennis Spooner

First UK Broadcast – 22nd November 1964

Let’s talk about Phones. He’s been right at the heart of the action with the heroic Captain Troy Tempest on so many occasions. Dependable and good-humoured, Phones could be seen by many as the series’ second lead. But outside of a few amusing moments, and some broad character traits which could apply to most of the regular characters, we actually know very little about Phones. We don’t even know his real name. “It’s George Lee Sheridan,” I hear you cry! But no such name is ever mentioned on screen, only in spin-off material. Over the course of the series, characters in need of richer development have received spotlight episodes – Marina had Plant of Doom to establish her home at Pacifica; The Ghost of the Sea and Marineville Traitor offered an insight into Commander Shore’s career and some more personal moments; Loch Ness Monster gave Atlanta the opportunity to step out of the control room and voyage to her ancestral homeland, plus she’s had ample opportunity in several episodes to wear her heart on her sleeve and show her devotion to friends and family. Phones has yet to receive the same treatment. There are moments in episodes like Treasure Down Below or Loch Ness Monster which offer a glimpse of his personality – he’s shown to be somewhat naive and a bit of a dreamer. For the most part though, his role is to go along with Troy’s latest dangerous plan, and save his friends when they get themselves into trouble. So, does An Echo of Danger finally give Phones the spotlight episode he deserves, and shed any light on Stingray’s trusty hydrophone operator?

The episode opens on the Island of Lemoy and a cheeky look through X20’s window, reminiscent of the pilot episode. For a brief second, the top of the set is visible in the background.

It turns out, our beloved surface agent has treated himself to a new piano. Previously, the corner of the room had been occupied by an old upright piano which dates all the way back to the saloon of Four Feather Falls. This new grand piano prop has a lot in common with the piano seen previously in Plant of Doom (which in turn made appearances in Supercar and Fireball XL5), but has a varnished wood finish rather than being painted. Note all the piano wires which have been painted inside. It’s a beautiful prop, but compare it to the exquisitely detailed concert grand shown in the Joe 90 episode, International Concerto, and you’ll see that this is just one step on the ladder towards the expert craftsmanship the AP Films team were heading towards. I also just love the notion that X20 is the sort of character to indulge himself in such a purchase, and become so engrossed in the fantasy of playing alongside a taped orchestra that he completely ignores a call from his boss. It speaks to the high opinion he has of himself, but also hints that he has talents which would be better suited to a creative, thoughtful, introverted lifestyle, rather than as an audacious master criminal. And best of all, I’ve made all those high and mighty deducations without a word of dialogue being spoken.

X20 shuts off his tape player – a prop we’ve seen so many times in so many places I’m convinced everyone and their grandmother owns one. Subtle hints are being dropped around some of the themes of this week’s episode. After all, the sound of the orchestra was all an illusion…

The incredible volume of the music is contrasted with total silence as we look out at the depths of the ocean. We’re snapped out of X20’s heady fantasies of playing at the Royal Albert Hall and back to reality.

Titan waits impatiently for his call to be answered. If I may, I want to keep banging on about X20’s piano-playing, and the utter silence of this scene in the throne room by comparison. I get the sense that culture isn’t a big priority of Titan’s. We’ve learned previously that Pacifica, not Titanica, is the cultural capital of all the underwater cities. We’ve also just seen that X20 is a talented piano player, whose music is interrupted by his duty to Titan. Then there’s the fact Titan chooses to live surrounded only by Aquaphibians, who wouldn’t know culture if it jumped up and down in front of them playing Beethoven’s 5th Symphony on a kazoo. Fast forwarding to Titan Goes Pop, it’s also made clear that Titan doesn’t even understand the concept of popular music or its purpose. So what does all this add up to? Nothing much, but I like the idea that among Titan’s worst character traits, he happens to be a complete philistine.

With X20 firmly brought back down to reality, it’s time for Titan to declare his next great and glorious plan to gain vengeance on the World Aquanaut Security Patrol. He admits to bungling the destruction of Stingray, and is therefore thinking ahead to weakening the craft’s efficiency by sabotaging the crew. I like Titan’s outside-of-the-box thinking. The fact he’s approaching the problem from a different angle continues to prove that he is a devious and ruthless villain, rather than a fool trying the same trick over and over again to no avail. Having said that, he refuses to give X20 any guidance whatsoever on how to accomplish this scheme, which is thoroughly unhelpful.

When the call ends, X20 laments his position as Titan’s errand boy. Earlier in the series, X20 was a faithful servant, but more recently he has started to question Titan’s authority, and it’s clear from this scene that he’d much rather being doing something else, like revelling in his music. I adore this extra dimension in the relationship between the two characters. It makes X20 in particular feel much more relatable. How many of us can understand the struggle of working in a job you don’t appreciate or respect, but being stuck with it because your boss is the emperor of the sea who would have you executed or imprisoned without a second thought? It’s all too common…

Meanwhile, at Marineville, it’s time for the WASPs to undertake another mission. Commander Shore has pulled out his big table map to explain that Stingray will be escorting a crude oil transporter. There are plenty of adorable little models of various ships which Shore probably loves to play with in the bath when nobody’s looking. He’s also borrowed the little models of Stingray and the Mechanical Fish which were seen on Titan’s big table map previously in The Master Plan. I’m not entirely sure what the Mechanical Fish is doing there but let’s assume they were planning for trouble. Shore explains that just one small ship is being used to transport millions of gallons of oil because it will be towing a long tube made of a new material. We’ll have a history lesson in a few moments on the transportation of oil by sea, don’t worry.

Shore is startled by the unexpected arrival of a window cleaner. Yes, Marineville subcontracts out its window cleaning requirements to a firm called ‘Kleen-U-Quick’, although you might recognise the chap doing the washing. Yes, it’s another of X20’s cunning disguises which enable him to wander into Marineville without question… even though it’s exactly the same wig he wore for his Professor Sanders disguise in Count Down with a dodgy moustache added… so really the security guards should have spotted him immediately and made an arrest… ah well. X20’s brilliant plan is to look through the window and see what everyone’s up to. Lucky for him, Shore has laid out the entire plan on a big table for everyone to see, so X20 doesn’t need long to get a sense of things before…

… Things go horribly wrong. Yes, X20 forgets that the number one rule of cleaning windows is to never get distracted by manical laughter without checking your ropes are secure first. He falls with a pathetic moan and a crash. It’s rather funny, but goodness me that must have been a long way down.

Enjoy these magnificent shots of the oil transporter passing through set to Barry Gray’s score while I deliver my hurriedly thrown together lecture. Transporting oil by boat had been a thing since the mid-19th century. To keep up with the demand for oil as the world became more and more mechanised, particularly during the World Wars, the most efficient way to transport oil was to build larger and larger ships and more of them. By 1962, the 106,000 long ton vessel, the SS Manhattan had been built in the United States – the largest ocean-going vessel ever constructed at that time. Transporting oil in large, powered tankers had its inherent dangers. If the load leaked, either into the water or into the engines, there was potential for explosive and environmental disasters. Then there was the issue of developing a hull strong enough to contain so much liquid which was prone to sloshing about during transport and could cause the ship to capsize. The solution which Dennis Spooner has run with in his script was inspired by the Dracone barge developed in 1956 by Professor William Hawthorne. Just like we see in the episode, Hawthorne’s concept uses a single, small vessel to tow a flexible tube containing the liquid cargo. This idea was developed further more recently into the ‘Spragg Bag’ which held the primary aim of transporting fresh water to areas with limited access, using long trains of waterbags connected by zippers for seemingly endless transport possibilities. The Dracone Barge is still used today, not as a primary means of transporting fuel around the world, but as an important aid to cleaning up oil spills from larger tankers, and for moving smaller loads for military purposes.

Troy is able to report in to Marineville that everything is going extraordinarily well. Honestly, Troy hasn’t had a job this easy since he was made chairman of the Troy Tempest Appreciation Society.

Things are going so smoothly that Phones can afford to kick back and relax by playing a game of checkers with himself. He baits his opponent with tough talk. It’s a charming window into Phones’ approach to life. He’s almost always got a sense of humour, and isn’t afraid to laugh at himself or take things too seriously. Of course, there is an underlying implication here that Phones is a tad unconventional and mentally unfit for his responsibilities, which is played upon further as the episode develops.

I’ve never played checkers, so couldn’t tell you whether these moves make any sense. Phones wins though, which I guess was pretty inevitable.

Troy brings his colleague back down to earth with news that a routine scan of the surrounding ocean is required. Phones reckons there’s nobody around for 10 miles, by which he means there’s no bloomin’ need to interrupt his fun with the checkers board, and Troy should naff off and bother somebody else. Speaking of which, Marina is absent for this mission, because otherwise Phones would have someone to play with and that would upset the point of this scene.

Contrary to Phones’ suggestion, it turns out that X20 is floating around nearby…

The interior of the craft has undergone some minor modifications including a replacement cone-thing on the back wall and a new control panel which was pinched from Mauritimus’ missile ejector craft as seen in The Big Gun.

Now, you may think that this an upturned yoghurt pot glued to a piece of MDF which was painted silver with a bottle cap glued on the top, but you, my friend, need to buck up your ideas. This is a remote controlled echo transmitter. X20 suggests that this is an “old plan” which means it’s time for another quick history lesson. Sonar decoys were first fitted to U-Boats during World War II, and consisted of a small cannister filled with calcium hydride, which produced a gas when mixed with sea water. An inexperienced sonar operator might mistake the large cloud of hydrogen bubbles for a German submarine, thus creating a false target while the real submarine was elsewhere. X20’s device is electronic in nature but is essentially trying to achieve the same thing of creating a false echo which Phones might mistake for a real submarine much larger than the device itself.

X20 has a handy and elegantly labeled tube for dropping the device out of his craft and onto the ocean floor. The model used to represent the bottom of his submarine is the same bit of hull used to represent the yellow alien craft from The Ghost of the Sea, but painted green this time.

Although the device sits motionless on the sea bed, one has to assume that in order to deceive Phones, a highly experienced technician, the unit must be capable of producing a signal which is large and appears to be in motion somewhere in the water. Otherwise, it would be pretty obvious that the sounding is a fake.

Stingray submerges but finds nothing. This shot of the sonar decoy in the foreground and Stingray in the background does a marvellous job of playing around with scale and perspective.

It becomes apparent that Phones has made a blunder. Troy is a little put out and miffed by the error. Phones has always been the reliable one of the pair. While Troy makes errors of judgement all the time about everything from his air supply to his treatment of French naval officers, Phones rarely puts a foot wrong.

X20 uses a periscope to observe the consist. Previously, in The Golden Sea, he was able to observe the goings-on above the water on a screen.

Things are about to get explosive…

Very quickly, X20 is able to cause some serious damage and loves every minute of it. This is how he gets his job satisfaction. Playing piano may be his hobby, but obscene amounts of terrorism is his true passion.

As X20 switches off the sounder, news reaches Stingray of the disaster. How they failed to notice the explosive shockwave rippling through the water I don’t know. Here’s an interesting thing – on the Blu-ray release the close-up shot of the speaker grille (which has been used previously in the series), is double exposed and blurry. This wasn’t an issue on the earlier DVD releases. So is this an issue with the original negatives which was fixed for the DVDs but not here, or just an issue with the Blu-ray transfer? Anyway, more importantly, Troy and Phones now have to go and deal with this ruddy great fire.

The tow vessel is absolutely overwhelmed by the inferno. There’s no doubt that this is one of the finest special effects sequences we’ve seen so far. The explosions are absolutely terrific and definitely look like the real deal, rather than miniature pops and bangs. It’s an uncontrollable storm of fire which cannot be stopped.

All Troy and Phones can do is surface through the thick smoke and watch in horror. Back projection is used to show the view through the cabin windows. Phones is speechless, no doubt already realising that it was his false sounding which drew Stingray away from its duty. Popping on the characters’ frowner heads probably would have been appropriate at this point – Phones’ default face in particular is a little too smiley for a disaster of this magnitude.

Commander Shore is understandbly cross with the Stingray crew. He keeps it professional but boy are there going to be some consequences for this.

We don’t see it on-screen, but dialogue suggests that the crew of the tow vessel are abandoning ship to be picked up by Stingray. It might have been nice and dramatic to see the people dashing about, dodging the oil and fire raining down upon them, but the fire on the model set is plenty to get across how bad things are. For the grand finale, the towing vessel itself blows up spectacularly, with the entire ship somersaulting through the air. I think it’s fair to say the tub is a write-off.

I think this might be a new establishing shot of Marineville, but I haven’t done a great job of keeping track. They use the same shots a lot.

Phones is sat in a corridor feeling sorry for himself while two photographers gather in front of him. One of them is portrayed by the Jacques Jordan puppet from The Man From The Navy, while the other is the news reporter last seen in Tom Thumb Tempest.

A sign has appeared on the door to point out that there is a meeting going on which Phones hasn’t been allowed into. Something tells me this isn’t just a gathering of that Troy Tempest Appreciation Society I mentioned earlier.

The conference room is the same one used in Star of the East. The attendees chattering away include Shore, Atlanta, Troy and Fisher, along with the three WSP commanders also seen at the El Hudat meeting last week, plus Lieutenant Misen who really is pushing his luck, and also a new face that we probably haven’t seen before – unless it’s Zero Red from Marineville Traitor but who can be sure of that? Marina is absent. She clearly had more important things to be doing this week.

Shore calls for order like he’s working in a crowded burger joint. The camera dramatically tracks down the table to look at all the attendees, a familiar device for making board room scenes feel more tense. The focus shifts from what is being said to how it is being received by everyone else in the scene. The conference scene in the feature film Thunderbirds Are Go also uses this technique to great effect.

Troy and the commander wave at each other but it isn’t for a cheery greeting. They’re butting heads because Troy is objecting in the strongest possible terms to Phones being accused of fault unjustly. Shore is quick to point out that they merely need to establish that Phones is fit for duty.

The finding of the inquiry is that Phones should be relieved of duty until he successfully passes a thorough medical examination. It’s treated with the utmost severity, and Shore clearly makes the declaration with a heavy heart. One could argue that all of this might have been a bit more intriguing for the audience if we didn’t already know that X20 had planted the sound device. But I would argue that the tension here comes from the fact that we know X20’s plan is succeeding right now, and the very grave feeling comes from the fact that they might never discover who is behind all this, leaving Phones out of the WASPs, and Stingray weakened as a result.

The photographers snap some shots of Phones as the music swells towards the close of this first act. I think the press interest is supposed to suggest that there’s some sort of scandal going on here. There’s a sense of shame around an upstanding member of the WASPs making an error of judgement, and potentially being too unwell to maintain his position. It helps to add some higher stakes to the proceedings. Phones’ life and career is hanging in the balance, ready to be turned upside down if X20 gets his way, and the world is watching closely.

Down in Titanica, Titan is receiving an update from X20, which means we’re all getting brought up to speed on the next part of the plot too. X20 has whipped up another award-winning disguise in order to act as Phones’ psychiatrist, thus giving him control over the findings of his medical check. From window cleaning to psychiatry, X20 sure is keeping busy this week! He’s going to run out of wigs at this rate.

While Troy gazes thoughtfully out of the window, it’s time for Shore to open up. It’s a nice little moment for making peace after the grand display put on by the pair of them at the inquiry. So, Shore drops a hint that maybe Troy should unofficially go and find some new evidence which will clear Phones’ name. Apparently that would be breaking the rules. I would have thought a thorough investigation of the area was a requirement given how the oil consist just burst into flames while Stingray was looking elsewhere. I can’t say why it would be forbidden for Troy to go out and look into it further. They’re a security organisation after all, so this type of thing is supposed to be bang up their alley.

On the other side of the control room, Phones is making an appointment with his psychiatrist. Not sure why he can’t do this in the privacy of his apartment using a telephone, but I guess this works. X20 appears to be doing an uncanny impression of UFO‘s Vladek Sheybal, although he was probably aiming for Sigmund Freud. Phones is informed that the practice is on the Island of Lemoy which apparently doesn’t concern him at all, despite all the suspicious activity which has gone on there previously. X20’s disguise will need to be pretty darn good because Phones met him at the house in Stand By For Action, but dressed as a fairly similar-looking old man. Meanwhile, Troy has come over to reassure Phones that he’s going to take Stingray out to try and uncover the truth. He seems pretty confident of his success, I guess just because of how much respect he has for Phones. That’s nice.

Well Troy sure moved on quick.

Yes, rather than bringing Marina along, Troy is taking Fisher out for the first time in Stingray. It’s quite sweet really, and it’s the beginning of Fisher’s journey towards a promotion – similar to the training which Lt. Ninety underwent in Fireball XL5. Troy meets Fisher’s enthusiasm with an insistence that he doesn’t touch anything. Remember that really satisfying missile launching switch I was obsessed with last week? Well forget about that. Don’t even think about going anywhere near it. No ear-pleasing clicky-clunky feelings for us today.

Atlanta says they have about six hours. Until what? Presumably Phones’ medical check, but I would have thought any evidence they find would still be valid after all that.

Stingray is launched. I have nothing to add. I just like saying, “Stingray is launched.”

And now, Mr. Robert Easton will give a class on how to deliver a two-hand scene completely solo. Yes, not only does the voice artist have the challenge of playing Phones and X20 in the same scene, but he also has to voice X20 as if he were impersonating someone else. There’s a reason why Robert Easton marketed himself as “the dialect doctor,” and, “the Henry Higgins of Hollywood.”

The disguise is essentially a cross between Sigmund Freud and Albert Einstein. It manages to fool Phones. Keep in mind, Phones not only encountered X20 in disguise in Stand By For Action, but also as himself during the Titanica gun fight in The Master Plan. It’s obviously a bit of a parody of psychiatrists in general, with psychoanalysis and psychiatry coming under quite a bit of criticism during the 1960s.

So the grand scheme is to reintroduce the tape player seen at the beginning of the episode, and play the music at a deafening volume so that when Phones closes his eyes to relax, he can’t hear the whirring and buzzing of X20’s front room turning into a control centre. Obviously it’s a silly idea if you think on it too hard, but Phones is just naive enough (as previously established by his purchase of treasure maps and belief in ghosts and monsters) that I think all this is just about credible. Phones may be very capable of doing his job but he’s never been known to be especially bright. He’s always relied upon Troy’s quick thinking to get them out of danger. Phones is a practical sort of guy, who calls a spade a spade…

So when Phones sees that the room has changed, but his doctor denies it, the immediate assumption is that he must be hallucinating. It’s a really big stretch, and quite a crude depiction of how mental disorders might work, but does use the gimmick of X20’s room transforming in quite a clever way. Actually using this bizarre quirk of the series as a plot device is ingenious.

Just after Phones says, “I could have sworn the room was different before,” one of the paintings is seen moving because of the way the stock footage has been recycled.

Also a bit of an error is the fact that the fish painting is still in place behind X20’s head when it should have been replaced by the control panel.

Phones is ordered to close his eyes again and relax while the room is changed back to the way it was before. Footage of the room spinning around is simply played in reverse, since the process of the control centre changing back was never captured on film originally.

Phones is terrified of opening his eyes, and his worst fears are realised when he discovers that the room is back to its original state, but according to his doctor there was never any change. And with that, Phones just accepts that he’s very sick and must follow advice to leave the WASPs immediately. I told you that everything was rather black and white in Phones’ world. There’s no doubt in his mind, and no request for more testing, and no questions about how all this started in the first place. He just takes the vague diagnosis, and then immediately just complains about wasting Troy’s time. X20 struggles to hide his concern that Stingray is on the hunt for more evidence.

Troy and Fisher arrive in the area just a stone’s throw away from the sonar decoy. Gosh that large Stingray model is glorious.

Captain Tempest is getting ready to pop outside, and denies the inexperienced Fisher’s request to use the hydrophone gear. Troy is probably just defensive of Phones’ namesake. Apparently there’s a possibility of Fisher joining the crew on a more routine basis, again hinting that he might be ready to move up in the world.

X20 has quickly discarded his disguise and is back in the water to intercept Stingray. Titan appreciates his initiative, and sends his Aquaphibians to join the party. The communication station that Titan is using has been modified ever so slightly since its last appearance in The Master Plan. Presumably those are some new guards he has too, seeing as the last pair were shot to death by Troy and Phones.

Troy surveys the area, the sea bed covered in beautiful plants and coral which the peasants watching in black and white at home won’t be able to enjoy.

Phones is waiting in his apartment playing solitaire and staring at two pints of whiskey on the table outside. That’s probably what caused the hallucinations. The glass doors, balcony and curtains are borrowed from Commander Shore’s bedroom, the desk is from the Standby Lounge, and the table is from the Shores’ dining room.

Atlanta is attempting to build a replica of Space City out of playing cards.

Fisher continuing to use the steering wheel while Stingray is parked and stationary is such a child-like thing to do. He’s reminding Troy how much time he has left outside which is very important because Troy tends to forget about these things.

Fisher disobeys orders and reaches for the headphones. He’s learning from Troy how to be a naughty little boy.

Phones has given up the cards and the four cups of coffee, and has switched to smoking endless cigarettes. Lots of healthy life choices going on today.

Proving his usefulness immediately, Fisher detects X20’s sub and reports it to Troy. He willingly admits to disobeying Troy which I think actually tickles the captain a little bit. Sure enough, things really start to unfold when Troy spots the two Aquaphibians sent by Titan. They made it here jolly fast!

The race back to Stingray is thrilling! I love to imagine the puppeteers running up and down the bridge whilst trying to keep the motion smooth. Troy dives through Stingray’s hatch with great agility.

Just to let us know they’re the tough guys, an Aquaphibian opens fire and scorches some of Stingray’s lovely paintwork. What a mean old bean.

Ding-dong… Avon calling!

X20 gets the fright of his life as Stingray looms into view. Fisher is on the equivalent of his first driving lesson, so hitting parked vehicles is an inevitability.

Fisher is ready to attack, but for once Troy is the one to hold back and suggest investigating further. Blimey, he must be really out of sorts since Phones left.

In a final effort to avoid total destruction, X20 switches on the sonar decoy again. Troy smells a rat and decides to let X20 go so that they can turn around and have a look. I must say, Troy is thinking very clearly and methodically today. It makes me feel icky.

Just as the large Stingray model is finished being lowered into shot, keen viewers might be able to spot a small loop of black wire dangling down in the top left corner of the frame, likely from the rig being held by the operator to “fly” the model.

We’re back at the Blue Lagoon, the gang’s favored night spot after the Shores got fed up of hosting dinner parties every evening. This time, Chick Kingsland from Secret of the Giant Oyster, who was also a patron of the bar in Stand By For Action, is serving drinks. Marina makes her first and only appearance in the episode. Has she been sat in the bar the entire time? In the foreground is the original grand piano prop which was used by Atlanta in Plant of Doom as well as Fireball XL5 and Supercar. Everyone is celebrating Phones’ return to duty. Note that Shore is holding a walking stick and his chair is not in the room, perhaps suggesting he hasn’t entirely lost the use of his legs.

The whip pan transition which throws us into the next scene doesn’t give us much to look at this time around. I normally like to examine these things for rare glimpses at the studio or sets. This dark smudge could be a person, I suppose?

One final bit of comedy as things come back around to haunt X20. His room won’t stop spinning round from all the overuse, and he can’t fathom why he still works for Titan. All that job satisfaction he had from dressing up and starting fires has melted away, and once again he just wishes he could play his music and let his troubles float off into insignificance… fat chance.

A good amount of stuff is packed into this episode. We get action from the tow ship fire and the final chase sequences. We get drama from the boardroom and Phones’ suspected delusions. And we get comedy from X20’s various unfortunate mishaps. As an examination of Phones’ character I suppose An Echo of Danger doesn’t offer us more than we already knew. However, it also drives me to conclude that there wasn’t much more to know anyway. What you see is what you get with Phones. This episode proves to us that he doesn’t have any inner demons or dark moments. He’s a happy-go-lucky guy who accepts everything at face value. His idea of a good time is playing checkers with himself and goofing around. Not all characters need to be deeply flawed or have a tragic back story. Phones is just a dependable guy who can crack a joke or make you smile every once in a while, and that’s just fine. Maybe he could have benefitted from having more depth, but I don’t think it’s detrimental to the series that we don’t find out much more about him. Leave all the internal reflection to Troy and just let Phones be the guy who gets things done.

Next week, there’s something spooky happening when an Invisible Enemy comes to Marineville! Is anyone safe from the hypnotic trance of the mysterious visitor?! Tune in to find out!

Want to catch new reviews as soon as they’re published? Subscribe to the blog for email updates, and follow Security Hazard on Facebook and Twitter.

Further Reading

www.filmedinsupermarionation.com by Century 21 Films Ltd.

Filmed In Supermarionation by Stephen La Rivière. Third edition published in 2022 by Century 21 Films Ltd.

Stingray: Adventures In Videcolor by Andrew Pixley. First published in 2022 by Network Distributing.

The Dracone Barge a truly flexible bulk liquid transport solution. Published by Virtual Expo Group on directindustry.com

History of the oil tanker From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Last edited on 13 October 2022.

Spragg Bag^TM Waterbag Demonstration Voyage published on YouTube by Robert Tulip on 28 February 2008.

Sonar Decoys. Published by Uboataces.